What is the term for the difference in voltage on the ground between two of a person's body parts near where electricity enters the ground?

The term that describes the difference in voltage on the ground between two parts of a person's body near where electricity enters the ground is known as step potential. This phenomenon occurs when a person is in proximity to a grounding event, such as a downed power line or electrical fault. When an electrical fault happens, voltage spreads out from the point of contact and creates a gradient in the ground surface.

If a person stands in this area with one foot closer to the source of the voltage than the other, their body can complete a circuit where the electric current flows between the two feet due to the difference in voltage. This difference in voltage can cause a significant risk of electric shock, making it crucial for utility arborists and electrical professionals to understand the concept of step potential for safety when working near power lines.

The other terms mentioned relate to different electrical concepts. Ground potential usually refers to the reference point of electrical potential that is considered 'zero' for grounding purposes. Contact voltage pertains to the voltage between an energized conductor and a grounded object, while resistance voltage is not a standard term used in this context. Understanding how step potential operates is vital in the context of utility arboriculture and safety protocols when dealing with electrical hazards.